TY - JOUR

T1 - Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Lateral Flow Assays for Detection of Host Antibodies and COVID-19 Proteins

AU - Ardekani, Leila Safaee

AU - Thulstrup, Peter Waaben

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/5/1

Y1 - 2022/5/1

N2 - Coronaviruses, that are now well-known to the public, include a family of viruses that can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other respiratory diseases, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the seventh member of this coronavirus family, was detected in 2019 and can cause a number of respiratory symptoms, from dry cough and fever to fatal viral pneumonia. Various diagnostic assays ranging from real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to point-of-care medical diagnostic systems have been developed for detection of viral components or antibodies targeting the virus. Point-of-care assays allow rapid diagnostic assessment of infectious patients. Such assays are ideally sim-ple, low-cost, portable tests with the possibility for on-site field detection that do not require skilled staff, sophisticated equipment, or sample pretreatment, as compared to RT-PCR. Since early 2021 when new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern increased, rapid tests became more crucial in the disease management cycle. Among rapid tests, gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) have high capacity for performing at the bedside, paving the way to easy access to diagnosis results. In this review, GNP-based LFAs used for either COVID-19 proteins or human response antibodies are summarized and recommendations for their improvement have been suggested.

AB - Coronaviruses, that are now well-known to the public, include a family of viruses that can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other respiratory diseases, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the seventh member of this coronavirus family, was detected in 2019 and can cause a number of respiratory symptoms, from dry cough and fever to fatal viral pneumonia. Various diagnostic assays ranging from real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to point-of-care medical diagnostic systems have been developed for detection of viral components or antibodies targeting the virus. Point-of-care assays allow rapid diagnostic assessment of infectious patients. Such assays are ideally sim-ple, low-cost, portable tests with the possibility for on-site field detection that do not require skilled staff, sophisticated equipment, or sample pretreatment, as compared to RT-PCR. Since early 2021 when new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern increased, rapid tests became more crucial in the disease management cycle. Among rapid tests, gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) have high capacity for performing at the bedside, paving the way to easy access to diagnosis results. In this review, GNP-based LFAs used for either COVID-19 proteins or human response antibodies are summarized and recommendations for their improvement have been suggested.

KW - antibody test

KW - antigen test

KW - gold nanoparticle

KW - immuno-chromatography

KW - lateral flow assay

KW - SARS-CoV-2

U2 - 10.3390/nano12091456

DO - 10.3390/nano12091456

M3 - Review

C2 - 35564165

AN - SCOPUS:85128770228

VL - 12

JO - Journal of Nanomaterials

JF - Journal of Nanomaterials

SN - 1687-4110

IS - 9

M1 - 1456

ER -