ortho-substituted 2-phenyldihydroazulene photoswitches: Enhancing the lifetime of the photoisomer by ortho-aryl interactions

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Photochromic molecules are systems that undergo a photoisomerization to high-energy isomers and are attractive for the storage of solar energy in a closed-energy cycle, for example, in molecular solar thermal energy storage systems. One challenge is to control the discharge time of the high-energy isomer. Here, we show that different substituents in the ortho position of a phenyl ring at C-2 of dihydroazulene (DHA-Ph) significantly increase the half-life of the metastable vinylheptafulvene (VHF-Ph) photoisomer; thus, the energy-releasing VHF-to-DHA back-reaction rises from minutes to days in comparison to the corresponding para-and meta-substituted systems. Systems with two photochromic DHA-Ph units connected by a diacetylene bridge either at the para, meta and ortho positions and corresponding to a linear or to a cross-conjugated pathway between the two photochromes are also presented. Here, the ortho substitution was found to compromise the switching properties. Thus, irradiation of ortho-bridged DHA-DHA resulted in degradation, probably due to the proximity of the different functional groups that can give rise to side-reactions.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer6462
TidsskriftMolecules
Vol/bind26
Udgave nummer21
Antal sider13
ISSN1420-3049
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2021

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by MIUR-Italy for “Progetto Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018– 2022” allocated to the Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and for A.R. Ph.D. scholarship “Dot-torato di Ricerca—XXXIV Ciclo”.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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